![]() Basil Bernstein (United Kingdom, 1924-2000) Starting from the theory that to understand a language it was not only necessary to learn its vocabulary and grammatical scheme, but also the context in which each word was used, he developed a model to identify the components that mark linguistic interaction. He analyzed the relationship between speech and human relationships and the way in which language shapes thought. He was a pioneer in research in the sociology of language, analyzing the way in which language influenced populations and modified the social dynamics and character of people.Īmong other aspects, he studied the reason why two similar communities reached a different social organization of the use of language, evaluating individual and collective attitudes and cultural references. Joshua Fishman (United States, 1926-2015) In this regard, he analyzed how the uses varied according to the area in which the conversation took place, the prestige of each language, acquisition as a mother tongue, grammatical systems, variety of lexicon, literary heritage, phonology and other factors. He is known for his research on diglossia, which occurs when two languages are spoken in the same population and one is more prevalent than the other. ![]() Unlike traditional linguists such as Ferdinand de Saussure and Noam Chomsky, who recognized these variations but did not give them great relevance, for Labov it was a fundamental aspect. He is considered the founder of urban or variationist quantitative sociolinguistics. He was one of the pioneers in studying the relationship between language and the social situation of the speaker and raised the idea that the way a language is used varies between people and their circumstances. These factors, and the way in which they condition language and influence the choice of words, are studied by sociolinguistics.Īmong the theorists of sociolinguistics the following authors stand out: William Labov (United States, 1927) On the other hand, the words and the ways of communicating also change depending on the place and context in which the dialogue takes place. To do this, he investigates real situations of use within a given community, analyzing how individuals interact verbally and share certain codes and idiomatic rules.Īll societies have a specific way of speaking, which in turn varies depending on the age, sex, level of training and social class of the interlocutors. Sociolinguistics is a discipline that studies language and the relationship it has with the social and cultural context in which it is generated. Currently sociolinguistics is divided into two broad branches: the empirical, which deals with obtaining data on the relationship between language and the society in which it is produced, and the theoretical, which is responsible for analyzing them and drawing conclusions about them.
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